They are both considered “frozen contaminants”. Immediately after take-off, the aircraft stalled and rolled into the ground. "Light icing" indicates that the rate of ice accumulation may create a problem if the aircraft remains in this environment for one hour or more.
Rime ice: forms when small drops hit the aircraft and freeze rapidly. Rime ice is minute drops of super-cooled water (water less than 0°C) that changes to ice when it hits the aircraft. There are also intermediate formations. The ice deposit formed is rough and crystalline and it is not possible to see through it. These orders cover safety issues ranging from crew operating procedures in the icing environment to direct design changes. The crew did not inspect the exterior or de-ice the aircraft. The pilot determines severity through an assessment of how well the aircraft can handle the accreted ice. Clear ice is heavy and difficult to see and to remove with de-icing methods, hence the danger it poses to flight operations. Still, in most cases, clear ice can be removed nearly completely by de-icing devices.It’s important to plan ahead and check the weather the night before your flight to determine if snow, freezing rain or frost is in the forecast. Always ask your 3rd-party provider for those during a preflight briefing and keep the "big picture" in mind when operating around potential icing conditions."Trace icing" refers to a rate of ice accumulation just slightly greater than the rate of ice loss due to sublimation. Crew are more likely to assess the ice shape, rather than the clarity or color of the ice accurately from the cockpit. This category of icing is not hazardous, and no action is normally necessary when this category is encountered for one hour or more.
Rime ice is rough and opaque, formed by supercooled drops rapidly freezing on impact. It tends to disrupt airflow more than rime ice. The worst is the formation of "horns", which are two icy protrusions that significantly disrupt the airflow over your wings and tail.But if you do find yourself in clear ice, descending, climbing, or diverting quickly is the best course of action to keep your airplane from accumulating ice in places you'd rather not see.You can see from the picture above, that clear ice can be pretty hard to see. Figures 91 and 92 are photographs of clear structural icing. Due to inexperience in ice identification (and because the differences among icing types are often small), ice type is often inaccurately reported.There are three types of icing: Rime, Clear and Mixed. Frost: ice crystal deposits formed by sublimation when the departure and dew point are below freezing. Clear ice forms when only a small portion of the drop freezes immediately, while the remaining water smears over the aircraft surface and gradually freezes.In some cases, temperature can be a good indicator for diagnosing the type of icing expected. It accumulates on the leading edges of wings and on antennas, pilot heads, etc. Mixed Clear and Rime Icing In the case of "severe icing," the rate of accumulation is such that de-icing or anti-icing equipment cannot adequately control or reduce the hazard. Rime ice forms when small droplets freeze immediately on contact with the aircraft surface. Flying into known or potential icing situations without thorough knowledge of icing and its effects should be avoided. Since 1994, the FAA has issued more than 200 airworthiness directives to address icing safety issues on more than 50 specific aircraft types. Although lighter than clear ice, rime ice has an irregular shape and a surface roughness, both of which reduce aerodynamic efficiency, i.e., reduce lift and increase drag. Ice: The Rime and Reason ? • Rime ice has a rough, milky white appearance, and generally follows the contours of the surface. Pilots need to know the adverse effects of icing on aircraft systems and control, as well as procedures to be adopted during icing encounters.The severity of aircraft icing depends on the rate of accumulation, effectiveness of available de-icing equipment and actions a pilot must take to avoid or combat accumulation of ice.
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