It’s a story that demonstrates how protecting a species enables their populations to recover from past overexploitation.“Reindeer have recolonized their ancient grazing areas, based on the information we have from the antlers and bones,” she said. The wild Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), which lives in the harsh archipelago of Svalbard off Norway in the Arctic Ocean, was nearly hunted to extinction in the 19th and early 20th centuries. For example, migratory caribou increased movements by nearly 30% due to changes in the freezing-thawing cycles of large water bodies in Nunavik (Canada), Côté said.NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology is one of 77 owners of ScienceNorway.no. Their oldest find is an antler (or bone) that is 3600 years old — or roughly from about the time Europe was entering the Bronze Age.“Such large declines have never been reported since we developed the capacity to survey populations,” Côté said. But because of their sedentary behaviour and the barriers posed by crossing glaciers, steep mountains and open fjords, this recolonization took a century.She can now quite confidently state that Svalbard is home to approximately 22000 of the animals.The Svalbard ecosystem contains just three overwintering creatures distributed across the archipelago: the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea), Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). So we started finding and collecting these ancient bones.”Although it has been known since the 1950s that reindeer have inhabited Svalbard for centuries, the bones and antlers tell researchers exactly where on the different islands the animals have lived over the centuries — and how long ago they lived there. “In the areas where they were extirpated, their numbers still have the potential to increase.”Editor in Chief: Nina KristiansenIt’s also a story about how climate change and other human-caused environmental problems might affect the animals in the near future.As improbable as it seems, given the great distances from Svalbard to anywhere else, reindeer have lived here for thousands of years. “This study represents a counter example to the many reindeer population status assessments reporting recent local or regional declines in abundance,” Le Moullec and her co-authors wrote.For example, the Rivière-George herd in northern Quebec (Canada), once the largest in the world, has declined >99% said Steeve D. Côté from Laval University in Quebec, Canada.With her thorough population count, and knowledge of where reindeer lived in centuries past, Le Moullec can say with confidence that Svalbard reindeer have recovered enough to recolonize virtually all non-glaciated areas in the archipelago.
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